Most owner-managed businesses are valued on a multiple of adjusted profit, but the adjustments matter more than the multiple. Here's how the common methods work, what pushes a multiple up or down, and why a valuation is a starting point rather than a price.
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S455 is a 33.75% charge on a director's loan that's still outstanding nine months after your company year end. It's refundable, but only once the loan is repaid, and the refund is slower than most directors expect. Here's how it works and how to get it back.
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Emergency tax codes, BR, 0T, K codes and the rest, explained in plain English. How to tell if your tax code is wrong, what each letter means, how to get HMRC to fix it, and how to claim back what you overpaid.
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Received an HMRC nudge letter? Here's how HMRC's AI picks who gets one, the live 2026 campaign list, whether to sign the certificate of tax position, and how to respond within 30 days without making things worse.
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HMRC can go back 4 years for honest mistakes, 6 for careless errors, 12 for offshore income and 20 for deliberate behaviour or never registering. Here's how each limit works, which years are still open in 2026, and how long to keep your records.
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S455 tax is a Corporation Tax charge on overdrawn director's loan accounts that are not repaid within nine months and one day of the company's accounting year end. At 33.75%, it is an entirely avoidable cost — if you know the rules.
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The off-payroll working rules govern how contractors working through personal service companies are taxed in the UK. Understanding who is responsible for determining status, what a Status Determination Statement must contain, and what inside off-payroll working engagements actually cost is essential for both contractors and the businesses that hire them.
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VAT on food is one of the most contested areas of UK tax law. Most food is zero-rated, but hot food, ice cream, chocolate and confectionery all carry 20%. Knowing exactly where the line falls is what separates a correct return from a costly error.
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Payrolled benefits on your payslip mean your employer is taxing your benefits in kind through PAYE in real time rather than through a P11D form at year end. From April 2026 this becomes mandatory for all UK employers.
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Practical small business tax tips that work — from claiming every allowable expense to salary and dividend planning, pension contributions, and choosing the right structure to keep more of what you earn.
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